Postquick Parcels Essay Example

Postquick Parcels Essay Access additionally has its points of interest and detriments, which need to weigh facing Excels favorable circumstances and impediments to concoct the correct decision of programming. Access focal points include: - * Access can perform progressed queries.* Access can make structures to embed data.* Access is very client friendly.* In Access you can have macros to go among structures and queries.* Access has heaps of offices which help to improve the appearance these incorporate Word Art, Paint, text and line fill, Spell check, Clip craftsmanship, Importing pictures* Access is definitely not a level document database so you can likewise make connections between tables of data.* It has an inquiry language, which implies it can perform progressed searches.* You can conceal certain structures out of view.* You can put a secret phrase on the framework to forestall individuals messing with it.* There are composing apparatuses including spelling and accentuation instruments available.* Acc ess can have social tables, which are connected together. This maintains a strategic distance from redundancy in entering in information as beyond what one branch of the framework can share the slightest bit of data.Access has inconveniences just as points of interest these include: - * Access is more complex than Excel and is thusly harder to use for a novice.* Access is utilized by proficient framework fashioners who plan frameworks for end clients. This implies the framework must be ground-breaking and extremely point by point. Anyway it is increasingly confused for a non-master to use.High Level Language Such as PascalI have chosen not to utilize a significant level language, as I don't have the important information to deliver a framework written in an elevated level language, for example, Pascal.Advantages* It can be tweaked to suit the companys needs.Disadvantages* Developer doesn't have adequate enough knowledge.* I would set aside a long effort to code a few regions where a s in Access they are effortlessly done in tables.Evaluation of conceivable programming solutionsI have chosen to prescribe the utilization of Access to the customers as being most reasonable in light of the fact that it appears to offer more offices and highlights, which will help me in structuring a program for the Postquick Parcels, clients.Access is more usable than both Excel and Pascal and the end clients will discover the framework simpler to use as the framework will spare time by removing monotonous assignments and will give them brisk access to the data they need. A framework structured is Access should give a very easy to use interface and will work in the manner the customers need in to. Access is a fast database and rushes to open records and change to new pages. Access will truly give an answer for the customers needs, as it is an assorted program, which can be utilized from multiple points of view. Another awesome thing about Access is that it will be anything but diff icult to update, present new capacities and make changes as and when they are necessary.The framework should take roughly 4 months to finish and has the proposed conveyance date of the 30th of April. It will come total with an advancement report, a framework guide and subtleties on the testing completed.DATA REQUIREMENTSThere are numerous information prerequisites for the new database framework these incorporate the following:* Data on the various costs, which rely upon the different, weight categories.* Data on the package which the client is sending, this will incorporate, bundle ID, width of package, length of package, tallness of package, all out measurements, weight and value which will be determined by the computer.* Data on the client, this will incorporate, client ID, clients title, clients family name, clients forename, organizations name which the client originates from just as the business town, postcode, contact number, email address, road and road number.* Data on the p ackages goal, which will incorporate, Destination ID, the beneficiaries organization, address, town, region and postcode.* To really arrange the package the data required is, the request, client, goal, bundle IDs and the date requested and the necessary conveyance date.THE DATA FLOWData Flow DiagramTo assist me with planning a compelling and organized database framework I have drawn an information stream chart to show the legitimate development of the information through a framework, anyway it doesn't show how the information is stored.There are various degrees of information stream outlines, I have drawn a level 1 graph that can likewise be known as a setting outline. An information stream graph has numerous images, which mean explicit things the images I have utilized are: - * External Entities can likewise be known as an information source or goal. In the accompanying outline the Customer is the External Entity.* Processes are tasks performed on the information. In the accompanyi ng outline there are five procedures each named P1, P2 etc.* Data Stores are coherent stores for information, which are not physical in the accompanying information, stream table they are marked D1 and D2.There are various degrees of DFDs the DFD beneath is a level 0 and the DFD on the accompanying page is a case of a level 1 DFD.Entity-Relationship diagramsEntity-relationship graphs are charts, which show the connection between elements in a database. Elements are things important to an association about which information is held. So as to have the option to draw an element relationship graph you have to know the degree and the name of the relationship. The level of the relationship will go under one of three categories:1. Balanced, for example connection among Person and National Insurance number which is remarkable to each person.2. One - to-many, for example connection among Customer and Parcel Order.3. Many-to-many, connection among Customer and parcel.Below are instances of in formation substances, which are applicable to my system.SYSTEM DESIGNTop Down DesignA top down structure is the strategy of chopping down and disentangling a confounded issue into the significant assignments which should be finished and afterward chopping down the significant undertakings into modules. It is fundamentally utilized in programming however the rule can be utilized to help plan my system.Modular DesignThe framework can be isolated into various modules, and these modules would then be able to be attracted a structure outline to show how the modules identify with each other and to shape the entire answer for the issue. On the accompanying page there is a structure outline of the proposed system.System Structure DiagramAlgorithm DesignFinding IDI have conceived a calculation to show how the framework will look and answer for an ID by the client entering in the business name. The outline shows the progression of activities and could be known as a stream graph. I could make calculations for the entirety of the queries.USER INTERFACEWhen considering the UI you should consider who the framework is for, what assignments the framework is performing, and what condition the framework will be in and whether the innovation is feasible.OutputsThere will be two primary yields of my framework and all should be easy to understand. These yields are as follows:Consignment Note:The transfer note will be given to the beneficiary through the conveyance and should remember a few subtleties for the client sending the bundle, these will be the clients ID number, title and last name with the goal that the beneficiary knows whom the package is from. At that point with the goal that the conveyance individual knows where the package must go I will remember data for the goal ID, name of beneficiary and their address.The note is fundamentally for the beneficiary and conveyance individual, this implies it wont need to convey especially data. For example it won't have to convey t he cost of the package conveyance. The beneficiary will require the data on the client sending the bundle and the conveyance individual needs the data on the destination.The transfer note just needs to have a straightforward structure indicating the important data and it isn't important to incorporate any shading and pictures. The textual style will be Times New Roman as this is a simple to understand text style and will be in size 10 text style to make it much simpler to peruse, in the event that it was littler it would be significantly harder to peruse. The goal data will be in bigger text style and intense with the goal that it will stand apart effectively for the deliveryman. The most significant thing about the transfer note is that it is clear.Query outputs:The aftereffects of my questions could either be shown in a table or in a structure made by a wizard. The introduction of the outcomes would better in a structure this is a direct result of various reasons, which include:* It is simpler to peruse from structures than tables.* Forms show each record in turn, instead of every one of them without a moment's delay, as on a rundown, which make it harder to separate one specific record.* Forms are better for introduction as they can have pictures on them and you can change the text style and size.* With tables you can't have catches, where as, you can with forms.Over all structures are better for this sort of framework as they are more easy to use since they look less scary than tables and require less work in the interest of the client as they can have catches on them to take the client to and from various structures and menus.Each structure will have a title to recognize it to the client. The structures won't be jumbled and on the off chance that anything will have a limit of two pictures. This will safeguard that the outcomes are effectively clear and not meddled by superfluous mess. The field headings will be written in a reasonable effortlessly read te xtual style like Tahoma and in 10 focuses, this will make the data understood and simple to peruse. This is better than text styles, for example, Algerian in textual style 9 which despite the fact that is extravagant, is hard to read.FormsThe reason I have picked frames rather than tables for the framework is clarified above under the title Query Outputs.There are four fundamental structures, which are utilized for entering information about the clients, packages, goal and requests data. These structures have their own unmistakable enormous title saying what the information is about. Each field as above (question yield structures) is in point 10 and in a reasonable and intelligible text style, which is, all around characterized and simple to peruse. Likewise the structures will be away from pictures as they are not so much

Non-Employment Conflict Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Non-Employment Conflict Management - Essay Example Building a dam involves the primer flooding for the development of the store and extra structures for example: conduits check dams and spillway, in the closeness of the first dam (Bartle, 2004). These developments contrarily impact the hydrology of the streams and the development example of fish by producing hindrances to their typical development. This prompts decrease in biodiversity and loads of the fish populace because of the alteration of downstream and upstream of the oceanic condition. It additionally influences the fish species and a raise in the catch attempt because of gigantic regions of dry periodical vast water. Furthermore, the structure of the dam may cause the fold of fisheries inferable from the loss of the floodplain residence (Guariso and Werthner, 1989).Secondly, working of dams influences the vocation of the networks found in the zone where they are being built. The greater part of the indigenous communities’ work on cultivating and flooding diminish the land under farming. It likewise prompts the loss of wood assembling and angling as a wellspring of work. Likewise, it enhances pressure on public assets shared by pastoralists and ranchers. For pastoralists, it prompts decrease in riverbank field while for fish ranchers and anglers; it prompts decrease in fish stocks and fisheries. This causes the decrease in the financial incentive in the wetland that is higher contrasted with after the dam is placed in place.Thirdly, there is loss of regular assets present in the environment.

A Critical Evaluation of Assisi by Norman MacCaig Essay -- Assisi Norm

A Critical Evaluation of Assisi Q: Choose a sonnet wherein the artist has put over an unmistakable perspective. By close reference to the lovely procedures utilized, appear how fruitful the writer has been in making you share his/her place of see. â€Å"Assisi† by Norman MacCaig is an interesting and provocative sonnet, which has put over a positive perspective to me which I accept is that all individuals ought to be dealt with similarly and we should attempt to help those less lucky than ourselves. In this article I will show how effective the artist has been in making me share his place of see, with the assistance of scholarly procedures, for example, language, word †decision and symbolism. Norman MacCaig has put over a clear perspective for me and has been effective in making me share this view by utilizing mindful and exceptional language. The primary part of language, which he utilizes is representation in the start of the sonnet when he is depicting the diminutive person sitting outside the congregation. He utilizes analogy as he says, â€Å"The overshadow with his hands on in reverse Sat, drooped like a half †filled sack On little curved legs from which Sawdust may run.† The allegory here of the diminutive person sitting like a ‘half filled sack’ is portraying the diminutive person and how he has a twisted body. He is being contrasted with resembling a sack, which is drooped and half vacant. This is powerful as it appears as if the smaller person can't support himself what's more, he is staying there hanging tight for help. MacCaig discloses to us that he is a midget in this manner he will be short and â€Å"hands on backwards† and â€Å"tiny bent legs† depicts his distortion as I can visualize his legs dangling from his body. Additionally as he is sitting like a â€Å"half â€filled sack† I can't help suspecting that he can't do an... ...ered after him as he dissipated The grain of the Word.† This shows me MacCaig is contrasting the voyagers with the winged animals and the Minister to the sower. He doesn't support of the activities all things considered contrasted with the anecdote of the sower of when he dissipates the grain and the winged creatures vacillate after it. He doesn't support of the travelers vacillating after the word and overlooking the poor smaller person, when in real certainty they ought to support him. All in all, â€Å"Assisi† by Norman MacCaig is an interesting and however inciting sonnet, which has put over a distinct perspective for me, which I accept is that all individuals ought to be dealt with similarly also, that we should help those less blessed than ourselves. In this I exposition I have demonstrated how effective the artist was in making me share this view by utilizing his astute and extreme language, word-decision what's more, symbolism procedures.

Recruitment and Selection Process in Wipro - Free Essay Example

Wipro is Indias largest IT services provider with gross revenue of $6.03 billion in the past financial year. The company is into integrated business, technology and process solutions at a universal basis. The company employs more than 115000 people and is headquartered in Bangalore, India (Web 01). The company is also in other sectors like consumer care, lighting, engineering and healthcare. The company was established in 1945 by M.H Premji. But it was his son and current chairman, Azim Premji who transformed the company into one of the most reputed brands in India. Solely due to his efforts, the company now has more than 40 Centers of Excellence and operates in 4 continents. Like every successful company, Wipro also gives high importance to Human Resource Management. The company is Indias 6th top employer. But the company is not even in the top 20 best employers of the country while their competitors like TCS, Infosys etc. are always in the top ten (Web 02). Therefore it can be judged that the HR functions in the company need to be thoroughly reviewed. In simple terms recruitment can be referred to as the process of searching and attracting competent employees for a particular job (Aswathappa, 2005). Companies invest a lot on recruitment process in order to avoid inappro priate selection. The recruitment process of Wipro is also structured in a detailed manner and involves three rounds: Round 1- Written test 1. Verbal: This is the first section of the written test where 15 questions will be asked to the candidates to test their proficiency in English language and include questions related to synonyms, opposites, similes, prepositions etc. A comprehension passage also might be included for the candidates to read. 2. Aptitude: This section also have 15 questions that are concerned with aptitude topics like Time Work, Time Distance, Puzzles, Calendars, Ratio proportions, Ages, Pipes etc. 3. Technical: This is quite an important part of the written test and involves 20 questions which are meant to test the technical knowledge of the applicant in C, C++, Java, Linux, UNIX, DBMS, SQL, Programming fundamentals, Hardware, Software Engineering, Micro-Processors etc. The questions will be mainly based upon the technical aspects studied as a part of university syllabus. Round 2: Technical Interview The second round is the most important elimination stage in the recruitment process. In this stage the candidates must have through knowledge in the basic technical skills in order get them cleared from t here. Therefore the candidates are asked to get prepared on their academic subjects before sitting for this round. Round 3: HR interview This is found to be the hardest part of the recruitment process. This round is found to be a real test for even the most competent candidates. The most common questions that re asked in this round include speak about oneself, why should the company hire the candidate, why did he wish to join Wipro, etc. The emotional quotient of the candidate is tested in this round in order to check whether he is able to withstand the pressures of the job. The other aspects that are being tested here involve communication and vocabulary of the candidate. Round 4: Placement Once the candidate is selected, he will be provided with an employee code number by the HR manager and a joining form will also be handed over to him which he has to fill up. This turns him from a candidate to an employee. Almost 40% of the employees of Wipro are selected directly from campus recruitments. Another source of recruitment is through the NSR (National Skill Registry). Wipro training model The above figure illustrates the Wipro training model which involves seven stages. These stages happen in a consecutive process. The main stages are: Identify training requirements Define the learning goals and objectives Conceptualize the training program Develop training content Reviews by stakeholders Pilot training content Rollout training content This model helps in identifying the exact training needs of the candidates and provides them with the most appropriate training. The company is also not behind in development initiatives. The Leadership Quality Survey of the company started in 1992 has immensely contributed in nurturing Wipros best business leaders. Wipro now has 8 qualities for leadership which are formulated on the basis of Wipro vision, values and business strategy. As a part of this development initiative, the company has introduced a 360 degree survey process which would enable in improving the competencies and skills of their business leaders. This process begins with receiving feedbacks from related people and finishes when every member frames a Personal Development Plan (PDP) on the basis of the responses received. This Personal Development Plan develops on the basis of a seven-step program that would help the individual to understand his strengths and weaknesses as well as determining the action steps. This program named Wings of Change to symbolize that it would bring up change or transformation in the individual. The Leadership Development Framework of Wipro is also a critical component for improving the leadership qualities of its employees. This framework is given below: This framework would help in understanding the major areas that form in relation to a leader in Wipro. Leadership Lifecycle Programs: The Company has formulated a strategy for Life Cycle Stage Development Plan. This program has been developed in order to frame distinct job profiles and map the competencies needed for each job r ole. The required competencies determine the success of each job role. The different programs under this LSDP are: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Entry-level program (ELP) This program as the name suggests is for entry level employees and intends to improve their managerial qualities. The main target group for this program is campus recruits and also candidates who entered through lateral entries. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ New Leaders Program (NLP) This is the second level of the LSDP. This level is higher to Entry-level program and is oriented for potential candidates who are most likely to be the leaders of company in the future. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Wipro Leaders Program (WLP) This program is intended for medium level managers with the capability of being a leader in the near future. Through this program, the managers are expected to improve their way of handling employees, operations, business development and project management tasks. The manager s who come up from this program become the forerunners of Wipro values and Wipros business operations. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Business Leaders Program (BLP) This is the program designed for the real leaders of the company i.e the senior level executives who hold highly responsible positions. At this level, these executives need not be trained for basic skills and hence it focuses on techniques for revenue generation. The other areas covered in this section involve sales orientation, CRM, team building and performance management. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Strategic Leaders Program (SLP) This is the top level program and is developed for the already existing leaders or top management employees of the company. The key areas included in the program will be Vision, Values, Strategy, Global Thinking, Customer Focus etc. Wipro has ties with many pioneer management institutions inside and outside India to conduct this leadership program for the leaders of the compan y. 1.3 Custom Content Development (CCD) This is a unique program offered by the company that provides new and economical learning content solutions. This service would help in meeting customer requirements as well as help them get a strategic advantage. Wipros CCD Service undergoes a thorough development cycle to make sure than the client gets quality solutions at precise time. Custom Content Development Service includes: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Application Training ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Process Training ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Compliance and Regulatory Training ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Product Training ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Rapid Training Solutions. 1.4 Human Resource Planning Wipro is the first company to implement many strategic HR and IT services globally. Some of them include People Capability Maturity Model (PCMM) Level 5, SEI Capability Maturity Model (CMM) Level 5 and version 1.1 of CMM. The people processes in the company are the best in the industry and involves most accepted practices in HR, knowledge management and OD so that the employees are equipped with the right skills to face the needs of dynamic business environment. 1.5 Capability Maturity Model (CMM) The expertise in Six-Sigma methodologies has been put to use to modify the prevailing processes in the organizations so that the decisions are made on the basis of metrics and measurements. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ The fundamental concept behind Six Sigma is that if you can compute how many defects you have in a process, you can systematically figure out how to reduce them and get as close to zero defects as possible. It begins with the application of numerical methods for translating information from clientele into specifications for products or services that are being developed or manufactured. Hence this can be considered as a business strategy and a philosophy of one working smarter not harder. Wipro is Indias first company to adopt the Six Sigma methodology and at present it has the most mature programs in the country. This makes sure that 91% of the works are completed on schedule which is quite above the industry average of 55%. Since they have over 10 years ex perience in this field, the company has made considerable efforts in order to improve the process. Apart from that the company has also scaled Six Sigma ladder which helped over 1000 project to reach completion. The main feature of this program is that it spreads exactly through the verticals and hence is able to influence a number of areas including project management, market development, resource utilization etc. 1.6 Conclusion Thus it is evident that Wipro is giving high importance to recruitment of employees. But even then the HR functions have certain flow which is the main reason why the company is not able to get into the best 10 employers in India. Hence it is the duty of the HR department to bring about a change in the processes so that better employees are hired and maintained. TASK 2 2.1 Introduction Performance management is a key HR function of any company. Oxford English dictionary has defined performance as accomplishment, execution, carrying out, and working out of anything ordered or undertaken. Performance is also defined as A matter that not only people achieve, but also how they achieve it (Armstrong and Baron, 2005). Hence it can be considered as a multidimensional concept and cannot be measured on the basis of a single factor. A common and accepted concept about performance is that it is not merely concerned about final outcomes but also with the actions performed for attaining these targets. 2.2 Performance management in Wipro Performance management is also a hard to define concept. The main reason behind this is the ignorance over performance measure issues. But a clearer definition to this concept was given by Armstrong (2000). In his words, performance management is A strategic and integrated process that delivers sustained success to organizations by improving the performance of people who work in them, and by developing the capabilities of individuals and teams. Wipro has a completely integrated end-to-end Performance Management Solution on its own for carrying out this critical HR function properly. This solution is formulated based upon the universally accepted HR processes adopted in the best organizations and thus helps them to update as well as restructure their performance evaluation processes. The above figure depicts the performance management solution adopted in Wipro. This solution helps the companies in many ways. It not only assists them in adopting the most suitable technique of p erformance management to that particular company but also reduces the time taken for the completion of Performance Management cycle. The unique feature of Wipros solution is that it does all this without compromising on the operations of other HR sub-functions like Work Planning Conference, objective setting, interim reviews, feedbacks, overall evaluation and rating, recording and documentation etc. Once the HR department makes a review of the organization, the assistant of the HR manager will update and record the score obtained by each employee in the database of the company. 2.3 Importance of performance appraisal in Wipro Performance management or appraisal holds considerable significance in Wipro since its success depends on the performance of employees to a large extent. Before explaining in detail about its importance in Wipro, it is advisable to understand its purpose. The main function behind PA is to make an employee differentiate between his actual performance and the expected performance (Boice Kleiner, 1997). But this holds a one-sided view since only the rater is benefited out of this. A more balanced view of performance appraisal states that only if both the parties i.e appraiser and appraise gets benefited can the process be considered as positive (Fletcher, 2006). Performance management on the other hand can be considered as use of interconnected strategies and techniques with an aim to enhance the performance of individuals, teams and organizations. An appropriate performance management can be regarded as the prime factor in achieving the business goals from the point of view of or ganization. Therefore performance appraisal is seen as the chief component or tool of performance management in Wipro. Hence the company must make sure that the performance management system adopted must be capable of meeting the needs of organization and the stakeholders (Humphreys, 2008). Thus performance management becomes a core component in promoting corporate governance (Bach Sisson, 2000). Since corporate governance is an issue of great relevance in todays business scenario, performance management becomes quite critical in Wipro. It forms a vital component of the corporate governance framework which helps the management or boards to direct, observe and react to the way the company reacts to the goals, mission and results that is expected from it. Performance management can be helpful to the company in three areas namely: Enhancing the individual productivity Identifying the training needs Allocating the precise rewards An effective method of performance man agement must inculcate a framework involving both corporate and individual performance planning. Therefore the HR must ensure that the framework involves: Clarification of performance objectives to the employees. This must include communicating the specific tasks, outcomes, behaviors, and other value systems related to ones job. The HR must make sure that these performance objectives are in alignment with the business objectives. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Individual or teams undergo periodical appraisals in order to evaluate their performance against the objectives set for them. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ The employee or appraise is provided with the feedback about his/her performance from this appraisal. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Proper recognition or reward is provided to the appraises for their performance as well as any improvement in their pay or salary based on the performance. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ There will be team and individua l development so that the skills and abilities of the team as well as members are building. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ In case there is poor performance, the employee is given proper counseling in order to guide him to the right path. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ To establish a connection between the progress of capabilities with corporate and business planning. That means there will not only be coming down from the results of business planning but also owning a system which feeds back up. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Having the ability to evaluate the contribution made by individual, team and organization for attaining its objectives. Performance management system can also be used in variety of purposes like auditing, evaluation, training, succession planning etc (Randell, 1994). Thus an effective system can be helpful for the employees and teams to understand their objectives and the business goals as well as enables to recognize how effectively they are achieving the corporate goals. This approach thus helps these parties to identify and clearly define their performance expectations which are an essential part of their job. If the people, processes and performance are integrated with the business goals, it would lead to developing the abilities of the individual as well as organization thus leading to their better performance. It is the performance appraisal process which expresses the work standards expected out of a specific job and the norms, values and behaviors that are associated with that job and finally communicating this with the concerned people. Performance management thus results in better performance which is more closely directed to the objectives and needs of organization. Performance appraisal and its feedback help the employees to understand the level of their performance and find out ways to improve them. Thus studies reveal that some researchers focus on achievement of business goals as the most important reas on behind implementing performance management system while some others view it as a scale for improving performance of one. In an organization like Wipro, it is suggested that a system which fulfills both organization as well as individual needs must be followed. 2.4 360 degree feedback This is a widely accepted technique of performance appraisal adopted by many companies. This method can be used in obtaining both qualitative and quantitative data about an individuals performance. Thus it involves a more holistic approach and here the person is rated based on the feedbacks obtained from people who work close to him i.e peers, superiors, subordinates etc. Apart from that the individual has to undergo a self-rating process also. This method of appraisal is quite suitable with the work environment and job nature in Wipro and can yield positive results. 2.5 Uses of Performance Appraisal System in Wipro: Wipro can have numerous benefits out of the performance management system if implemented properly. The major benefits derived out of it are: Performance management is more concerned about the outputs rather than mere activities or behaviors. Thus enacting that one person is busy would not help him get an appraisal or promotion. He has to achieve the predetermined results in order to get appraised. Performance Management helps in aligning the business processes and operations to the objectives of the organization. There is a chain process in PM which exists in order to make sure that they are in agreement with the organizational objectives. Nurture an organization-wide long-term view of the organization. An effective method of performance management should adopt a system-based approach which aims at the results or outputs of the business processes (Swanson, 1999). In other cases, the result is bound to have certain faults. Performance management would result in meaningfu l measurements which can be applied in numerous areas like benchmarking, framing standards for comparing the companys practices with the most industry accepted standards. They point out outcomes during development efforts, such as employee training, management development, quality programs, etc. Thus performance management makes sure that employees are equally treated and they receive rewards based on true performance. This way the employees will be able understand their strengths and weaknesses (Brets et.al. 1992). It would help them to be aware about the duties they have to bear and thus act according to his superiors expectations (Rees Porter, 2008). 2.6 Conclusion Thus performance management system in Wipro can help the employee to have a deep knowledge about the corporate objectives and effort required to attain them. This would help him to realize his present position in comparison to the expected level of performance so that he can try more to get to that level. This again leads to overall development of the employee.

The Effects Of Postpartum Depression In The Yellow Wallpaper

Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, is a short story, published in the late 1800s, about one woman’s descent to madness. Finding herself plagued with postpartum depression after the birth of her son, the narrator’s ailment is overlooked by everyone around her. Her husband, â€Å"...a physician of high standing..† (Gilman) describes the narrator’s illness as â€Å"temporary nervous depression...a slight hysterical tendency.† Her brother and male doctor, also agree with this diagnosis and because so, the narrator is forced to go through a rather peculiar treatment plan that was commonly practiced on women who were considered hysterical during that time period. Considered a societal norm this treatment plan, created by the dominate male,†¦show more content†¦In the beginning of her loggings, the narrator explains that she disagrees with her husband, brother and doctor’s idea of treatment, and states, â €Å"Personally, I believe that congenial work, with excitement and change, would do me good,† (Gilman). She follows this statement with the question, â€Å"But what is one to do?† Clearly influenced by male oppression and ideals of women, the narrator herself believes that she is unable to follow her own wishes to better her health and overall state of mind. Her only rebellion is in the form of her writing---a creative outlet that is unwanted by her husband as it is a mental stimulation and considered work. Though she is in fear of being caught, she still writes. She believes that it would be easier to stop, so that she doesn’t have to be go Sanchez 3 through drastic lengths to hide it. She explains her husband doesn’t allow her to do anything without â€Å"special instruction.† She is not even allowed to pick her own room, and instead is instructed to sleep in a â€Å"nursery at the top of the house†. This nursery room comes fully equipped with barred windows and a bedstead that is nailed to the floor. It is also in this bedroom that she is met with the infamous yellow wallpaper. Paula A. Treichler, of the University of Illinois, explains that the yellow wallpaper, â€Å"... represent(s) (among other things) the ‘pattern’ which underliesShow MoreRelatedYellow: The Color of Postpartum Depression854 Words   |  3 PagesWomen have long felt the emotional, psychological and physical effects of child bearing. Before modern medicine, these mental struggles were said to be nothing more than nervousness. In The Yellow Wallpaper a short story by Charlotte Perkins Gillman, the narrator is a young woman who has recently given birth, during the late 19th century. 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WhenRead MoreThe Struggle For Sanity By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1528 Words   |  7 Pages The Struggle for Sanity The Narrator, Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s Short Story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† has been one of the most scrutinized pieces of literature. Critics have analyzed it from various perspectives including feminist, anti-feminist, psychological to clinical. Some even claim the narrator’s work as an early feminist indictment of Victorian patriarchy. The Yellow Wallpaper is a short story about the narrator’s life experience afflicted with a depressive episode since adolescenceRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper, By Katherine Perkins Gilman And Ms. Brill1206 Words   |  5 Pagesthat most affect people. Loneliness is about feeling disconnected from the rest of the world. Being isolated have a negative impact on society, but it will also have a negative impact on the person being isolated. 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Charlotte Perkins Gillam uses her short story, The Yellow Wallpaper as a weapon to help break down the walls surrounding women, society has put up. This story depicts the life of a young woman struggling with postpartum depression, whose serious illness is overlooked, by her physician husband, because of her gender. Gillman s writing expresses the feelings of isolation, disregarded, and

Case Study The And Communication Technology Company...

Case Study 1 FUJITSU I. Introduction It is generally said that Information and Communication Technology Company should follow the computing ethics. In fact, how the actual company apply for its ethics in their business. So, the specified company will be selected to verify the process. I choose Japanese company, FUJITSU. Mission shaping tomorrow with you is our brand promise. It encapsulates who we are, what we stand for and how we are working alongside you to shape a better tomorrow. Let us share the stories showing how we are living the brand. History Since our foundation in 1935, Fujitsu has pursued innovation, striving for a better tomorrow. At every step along the way, our success as a company has come from the strength of our relationships, working side-by-side with our customers and our partners. Fujitsu is supporting various international sporting events by providing ICT solutions such as data centers. We share the great moment together. We re striving to build a prosperous future with the athletes and supporters of today and tomorrow. We are the leading Japanese global information and communication technology(ICT) company. We use our experience and the power of ICT to shape thr future of society together with our customers. We are active in every aspect of ICT, from PC/mobile phones, networks, to the most complex and sophisticated technology solutions and services. In 1935, we began our journey as a telecommunication equipment provider. FujitsuShow MoreRelatedLegal Ethical Issues for It Practitioners2523 Words   |  11 Pagesfeel that people should be supportive, trustworthy, and fair in their work and dealings with each other. We expect from others and from ourselves behavior, which promotes the welfare of individuals, organizations, and communities. Yet as recent events demonstrate our society faces a crisis in professional responsibility (McDowell, 2000). Professional associations are worried about the image of their professionals, and as a result they have developed and enforced codes of ethics to protect the publicRead MoreCode Of Ethics Of Ieee. Computer Society1597 Words   |  7 Pages1Introduction Today, established ethical frameworks play a vital role in companies and organisations, espe- cially in big ones. Ethical framework, also known as code of conduct and code of ethics, is a set of guidelines, recommendations and rules, which specify expected behaviour and possible options how to make ethical decision, under different circumstances. It is crucial for every institution to set up ethical framework in order to prevent specific problems and to have es- tablished policy toRead MoreIntegrating Culture And Diversity Of Decision Making1255 Words   |  6 Pagesmanufactured goods lines comprise of PCs and other computing equipments venture and business standard servers, storage equipments, networking equipments, software, scanners, plotters, printers and other imaging equipments. The company launched handheld calculators, LaserJet printers, the principal commercially distributed information processing systems and the Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing (EPIC) architecture. The businesses’ company culture is summarized in an approach referred to asRead MoreThe Ipremier Company1574 Words   |  7 PagesThe iPremier Company: Denial of Service Attack 1. Company overview The iPremier is Web-based Commerce Company and established in 1996 by two founder students from Swarthmore College. The company is one of the top two retail businesses in online transaction which selling from vintage goods and to the luxury item. Its well knows that during fiscal year 2006, iPremier has grabbed profit $2.1 millions with sales of $32 million from their high-end customer. The company has also recorded withRead MoreThe Intersection Of Information Laws2294 Words   |  10 Pagesintersect with the ethical standards, and the actual practice. Since computers and technologies grow extremely fast, the laws are unable to govern new developments in the field. Therefor those that develop these systems and programs have an ethical imperative to, analysis the impact that these systems could have on others. When new technologies and standards are created, one must look at the effect of the technology, and the possible ways that someone could maliciously obtain, or misuse data. CurrentlyRead MoreBeing Watched: Ethical Issues on Privacy in Life6627 Words   |  27 PagesTEP1281: ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT Being Watched: Ethical Issues on Privacy in Life TC203 Abzal Kalimbetov Aashini Shah Azmil Hakim Pramata Tausik Nur Dayana Ayuni Bt. Nur Rashidi Mohd Zuhaili Bin Mohd Suhaini 1092700423 1091103635 1101110738 1071118536 1101109183 1091105283 [This study investigates the ethical issues on privacy in life among students and lecturers at Multimedia University (MMU).] Being Watched: Ethical Issues on Privacy in Life TEP1281: ETHICS AND PROFESSIONALRead MoreComputer Ethics and Information Systems3732 Words   |  15 Pagesâ€Å"Computer Ethics and Information Security† a. Introduction The consideration of computer ethics fundamentally emerged with the birth of computers. There was concern right away that computers would be used inappropriately to the detriment of society compromising information security, or that they would replace humans in many jobs, resulting in widespread job loss. Ethics- Guidelines or rules of conduct that govern our lives, work, behavior and communication in both public and private undertaking.Read MoreWhat business and social problems does data center power consumption cause?4093 Words   |  17 Pagesand social problems does data center power consumption cause? Data center power consumption economically affects businesses and environmentally affects society. Operating costs for data centers is very expensive. In the article, Ubiquitous Green Computing Techniques for High Demand Applications in Smart Environments, the total operating costs, concerning electricity, of all data centers within the U.S. alone exceeded 7 billion dollars in 2010 (Ayala, J., Moya, J., Risco-Martà ­n, J., Sanchez, C., ZapaterRead MoreThe Effect of Information Technology on Human Life5123 Words   |  21 Pagesï » ¿How Information Technology Has Effected Each Part Of Human Life 1.1 Introduction: Present day information era has given lots of freedoms to the citizens, which was not probable without the arrival of this age. The users of Information Systems have willingly available information, for example, full Encyclopedia Britannica in one CD with all types of sà ¸ °Ã  ¸â€¢arch fà ¸ °Ã  ¸â€¢aturà ¸ °Ã  ¸â€¢s is availablà ¸ °Ã  ¸â€¢, pointing towards corrà ¸ °Ã  ¸â€¢ct information within thà ¸ °Ã  ¸â€¢ right timà ¸ °Ã  ¸â€¢. Picture doing this with the book version of the EncyclopediaRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility10163 Words   |  41 Pagesintegral components of business social performance; itemizing these contributions finds one incorporating the interests of ethics and morality within the corporate structure, essential concepts that are often absent from a managerial standpoint. Chapters two and three of Beauchamp and Bowies Ethical Theory And Business address the very issues of corporate social responsibility that should rightly exist within every company s infrastructure; however, the authors enlightening contentions enable the reader

Fake Analysis of Bridge to Terabithia free essay sample

In â€Å"Bridge To Terabithia,† written by Katherine Paterson, great friendships blossom from impertinent first impressions. Great friendship such as Leslie’s brings new experiences. Great friendships may come from unpromising first encounters and lead to new experiences. Leslie’s friendship came with the promise of a new beginning; reword this sentence Leslie opens a new world up to Jess full of creativity and imagination which â€Å"Leslie name[s] their secret land â€Å"’Terabithia†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢(50). Don’t end with a quote! Jess and Leslie create this secret world to escape the harsh reality of adolescence. The reason Jess and Leslie create this secret world is it allows them to escape the harsh reality of adolescence. Jess and Leslie agree to create a whole new imaginary country, eliminate that that â€Å"’We need a place’†¦ ‘It might be a whole secret country’†¦ ‘and you and I would be the rulers of it. ’†(50). Reword theres something off about this; Because Jess craves the attention of his hardworking father he in particular needs the escape that Terabithia provides. We will write a custom essay sample on Fake Analysis of Bridge to Terabithia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Jess in particular needs the escape since he craves the attention of his hardworking father â€Å"maybe’†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢he’d forget all about how tired he was from the long drive back and forth to Washington and the digging and hauling all day†(5). Make the quote relevant to him what is this quote supposed to say? Don’t end with a quote! Great friendships may come from unpromising first encounters and lead to new experiences. Change around, It is an idea that relates to life today since everyone has a friend and everyone must be open to new experiences they bring in a friendship. For example, you can never judge a book by its cover or by when you meet someone for the first time. Doesn’t make sense Another illustration is, to take the new experiences a new friendship has to offer and enjoying them. The human condition affects us still today because people take having a friend for granted until they are gone. What I have learned for reading â€Å"Bridge To Terabithia† is take out that that to open myself up to new friendships and take out new new experiences. I learned to enjoy the memories mad with the friends I have because at any given moment something could happen. Also, to enjoy the moments I have with my friends because you never know when something could happen at a moments notice. My viewpoint has been deeply enriched by this book because of then realistic human condition.

Porters 5 Forces free essay sample

Porters 5 forces analysis is a framework for industry analysis and business strategy development developed by Michael E. Porter in 1979 of Harvard Business School. It uses concepts developed in Industrial Organization (IO) economics to derive 5 forces that determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of a market. Porter referred to these forces as the microenvironment, to contrast it with the more general term macro environment. They consist of those forces close to a company that affect its ability to serve its customers and make a profit. A change in any of the forces normally requires a company to re-assess the marketplace. Strategy consultants use Porters five forces framework when making a qualitative evaluation of a firms strategic position. The framework is textbook material for modern business studies and therefore widely known. Porters Five Forces include three forces from horizontal competition: threat of substitute Porter provided a framework that models an industry as being influenced by five forces. We will write a custom essay sample on Porters 5 Forces or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The strategic business manager seeking to develop an edge over rival firms can use this model to better understand the industry context in which the firm operates. Our primary objective is to analyze the Telecommunication industry of Sri lanka using Porter’s Five forces frame work.. In this report we try to discuss about the Porter’s Five forces ,taking each of them individually and come up with its interrelationship with the existing Telecommunication industry. Nowadays in Sri lanka, Telecommunication is an industry which has a rapid growth with the time. As there are number of competitors competing with each other to get the attraction of the customers ,we can have a satisfactory service which can fulfill our desires. The basic concepts of Porter’s rule clearly defines the main roles of a particular competitor which tries to survive in the industry of Telecommunication in Sri Lanaka. Telecommunication is an industry which has spread over a wide range. But, Porter’s rule can be applied to this industry to get an overview of how the industry is being controlled by those factors. What are Porter’s five frame factors and how they are interrelated with each other. The above picture illustrates the main concepts in the Porter’s five frame work. These concepts plays the major role of existent of a particular industry. Telecommunication is an industry which has obtained a considerable amount of development through the last few years. With respect to Telecommunication industry we can analyze the above five factors. 1. )Rivalry among existing firms.. With the development of the industry, a number of companies came to party. These companies use several techniques to attract the customers towards their company products. Examples of a few companies in Sri Lanka which delivers the telecommunication services to the society: Dialog Mobitel Suntel Sri lanka Bell 2. )Threat of new entrants. We know that in near future ,the number of competitors competing in the telecommunication industry in Sri Lanka will grow up. Eg: We know that a company named as â€Å"Airtell† is above to loach their company in Sri Lanka in near future. 3. )Bargaining power of suppliers It is clear that the companies which provide telecommunication services to the society do not implement the equipment they use,but they buy those equipment from the existing equipment suppliers. *Supplier concentration *Importance of volume to supplier *Differentiation of inputs *Impact of inputs on cost or differentiation *Switching costs of firms in the industry *Presence of substitute inputs *Threat of forward integration *Cost relative to total purchases in industry Eg:Dialog use the Telecommunication equipment produced by the CISCO. 4. )Bargaining power of buyers. Customers have a right to buy the product which they think is the most suitable. Further more they can choose the product according to their income. *Bargaining leverage *Buyer volume *Buyer information *Brand identity *Price sensitivity *Threat of backward integration *Product differentiation *Buyer concentration vs. industry *Substitutes available *Buyers incentives Eg: Some customers use prepaid connections while some other customers use connections with monthly rental. 5. )Threat of substitute product or services. Human being is a creature which has a great amount of curiosity in his mind to discover new things. As a result of this the existing Telecommunication industry may be replaced by a new industry which use a different approach and a different technology. Eg; A new technology might be implemented in future to provide a better communication via the whole world with a little cost of money. 1. ) Rivalry among existing firms.. A larger number of firms This increases rivalry because more firms must compete for the same customers and resources. The rivalry intensifies if the firms have similar market share, leading to a struggle for market leadership. If w e consider about the situation in Sri Lanka ,there is only a limited number of people living in Sri Lanka. As a result of that ,the number of people ,who uses the modern technology to communicate with each other is limited. Eg: Total number of Dialog customers is equal to 10 million. There are a lot of Telecommunication companies competing with each other to attract the customers to their company. But there are only a limited number of people who uses these Technology to fulfill their desires. Slow market growth This causes firms to fight for market share. In a growing market, firms are able to improve revenues simply because of the expanding market. As a result of limited population in Sri Lanka ,market growth is comparatively slow. This leads to a big competition between the companies to obtain profit. Low switching costs This increases rivalry. When a customer can freely switch from one product to another there is a greater struggle to capture customers. If we consider about the Telecommunication side,one customer might switch from one company to another. Eg: Dialog customer may switch to Tigo. This leads to a critical issue, where companies are struggling to capture the customers. Porters 5 Forces free essay sample Five Forces analysis for IT industry Wipro Technologies is a global information technology (IT) services company. It provides custom application design and development, IT consulting, systems integration, technology infrastructure out sourcing, software products and BPO services. Michael Porters Five Forces Model looks at five key areas- the threat of entry, the power of buyers, the power of suppliers, the threat of substitutes, and competitive rivalry. Threat of new entrants: New entrant in the market may have an effect on share of older counterparts Threat of substitute: Due to technological advances, Quality constraints or cost effectiveness there can be a threat of the substitute on the industry. Bargaining Power of customer: This is the bargaining power of the customer -one who is consumer of the goods. Bargaining Power of suppliers: This is the bargaining power of the supplier -one who supplies sources that are needed for finished goods. Comparative Rivalry within Industry: It tells about extent of competition in between firms in an industry. We will write a custom essay sample on Porters 5 Forces or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Porters Five Forces helps to analyse how these forces act together to cause the company to increase or decrease profitability of the company. The strategy of the company should be to influence these forces to maximise profitability. Hence below is a study of the IT industry and study of profitability in custom application design development, systems integration, technology infrastructure management segments of IT Threats and barriers to entry Economies of scale and Capital Investment Requirements: IT requires very low investment and hence we have hundreds of startups starting every year. While it is easy to invest and start a software company sustaining growth does not come easy. All these start-ups also play in an area where Wipro does not compete like low value projects or in subcontracted work. Hence they are not a threat to the profitability of Wipro. India is the favourite destination for off shoring Information Technology (IT) and IT enabled Services. The Indian IT/ITES industry commands more than 50% of global ITES off shoring market share. The IT/ITES exports are set to cross USD 60 billion by 2010 and Nasscom (The National Association for Software and Services Companies), estimates that the industry will account for USD 63. 7 billion of revenues and direct employment is expected to reach nearly 2. 3 million. The IT industry contributes around 26 per cent of Indias total exports and was around 6. 1 percent of Indias GDP for financial year 2009-2010 (NASSCOM, 2010). 2 Customer switching costs Wipro works across verticals like telecom, BFSI, Media and Communication, Automobiles, Government, Technology, Manufacturing, Energy, Healthcare, Hospitality etc and has several ODC or offshore development centres for nearly all top companies in the world. These offshore development centres have thousands of resources working with multi year projects earning millions of dollars of revenue a year. The cost of shifting or switching even a part of these projects to other companies would involve huge set up, transitioning costs with no guaranteed results. Wipro has quality certifications like Cmmi Level 5, PCMM Level 5,BS9977 etc and new entrants will face a barrier in this regard. Global contracts will not be given to companies with the lack of certification. The lack of security certifications will cause customers to have security related concerns while sending data offshore. 3 Access to distribution channels and technology This poses no difficulty. Many top business unit heads have previously quit from Wipro and spawned off their own company which has grown and sometimes taken a part of the market share of Wipro. Since the industry thrives on knowledge workers when a senior person leave he takes access and knowledge of customer base and customer contacts with him. The Internet is present everywhere and software technology in the era of open source is easily accessible to all. 4 Government Subsidies and policies Current favourable policy by government for new ITES-BPO firms is creating competitive situation for Wipro and other established players in the India IT industry. The reforms have reduced licensing requirements and made foreign technology accessible. The reforms have also removed restrictions on investment and made the process of investment easier. This has tremendously helped the IT industries. The Indian government is actively promoting FDI and investments from NRIs (Non-Resident Indians). FDI can be brought in through the automatic route, based on powers accorded to the Reserve Bank of India. Improvement and reach of telecommunication can aid new entrants into the IT industry. Similary improvements in infrastructure and power sector can also aid new entrants into the IT industry. Recognizing the importance of Venture Capital Funding, the Ministry of Information Technology has set up a National Venture Fund for the Software and IT Industry with a corpus of Rs. 100 crore. The main aim of the venture capital Fund is to provide Venture Capital to start up software professionals and small IT units. Nasscom (most important promoter of the IT/BPO industry) has been playing a crucial role in helping the IT industry achieve the IT and ITES vision and make India far ahead of other players in the field of IT and BPO. But new entrants and start ups can never be in the league of Wipro which adds 20-30 new customers every quarter and earns revenue in the range 0f 50-60 billon USD every quarter. 5 Brand Loyalty Since Wipro is in multi year relationships with most of it’s customers and since the relationship is driven top down from CEO level and exists sometimes with entire IT organisation of the customer, there is a deep brand loyalty that cannot be forsaken. Wipro trades on NYSE and is a well respected global company. Threat of Substitute Price is most often the main differentiator among key players in the software industry quality of service being the same. Indian IT firms like Wipro face stiff competitions from their counterpart in other emerging market like Russia, Brazil, Mexico, Philippines and China. The IT providers in these markets charge competitive rates as compared to Wipro. But Wipro has development centres in China , Philippines so that they can leverage the same advantage. At the same time Wipro attracts a huge pool of resources from the many leading technical institutions across India . These resources are trained to work in many technologies and also are very flexible with respect to work timings. Additionally, the Wipro has been exceptionally quality focused being the first Indian Cmmi Level 5 company with high-skilled pool of knowledge workers with English speaking Hence it has an upper edge over other offshore locations like China, Philippines or Latin American countries 1 Quality/Value proposition While start-ups work like a flash in the pan and sometimes do attract a first time IT outsourcer it is MNCs like IBM and Cognizant which can be identified as substitutes for Wipro. Cognizant with it’s steady and continued growth rate has taken a part of the market share of companies like Wipro. An MNC with a formidable history and background can e work as substitute for Wipro in the software industry due to the differentiation that they bring in terms of delivery models, senior people/leadership in the organisation, RD focus, steady focus on not yet mature verticals (like healthcare in Cognizant’s case for example) and pumping back money into the business. These MNC bring a better value to the customer and engage the customer at a more strategic level . Buyer’s willingness and relative price/performance of substitute As per a report in Economic Times Emerging near shore rivals, including Ness Technologies of Israel, CPM Braxis of Brazil and Mexico-headquartered Softtek are increasingly becoming attractive for top outsourcing customers such as GE, Citibank and several others seeking to work with local, specialised vendors instead of sending all projects to offshore locations like India. Though Wipro is growing it’s presence in the emerging markets of Latin America, Eastern Europe and Asia, they face stiff competition from these newer rivals. For many customers who already have significant presence in offshore locations like India, it’s a risk diversification, Some customers having 70-80 per cent of their offshore resources in India are realising that they need to look at the third category of suppliers that are local and niche. Over the past two years, companies such as CPM Braxis, EPAM Systems, Ness Technologies, Softtek, Merchants and Spi Global have emerged as stronger rivals for Indian tech firms, especially while bidding for an outsourcing contract being fleshed out by a ‘first-time outsourcer’. Brazilian firm CPM Braxis, for instance, which counts GE, ABN Amro and Whirlpool as clients, reported revenues of around $567 million in 2008. One of the top four Brazilian banks, Bradesco, is also among the biggest customers for the company. While these emerging outsourcing rivals are not yet in the big league of mega, multi-year contracts, they are still able to gain business because of their niche and local market expertise. On an average, these companies are able to win contracts worth $2-5 million in annual contract value. Bargaining power of customer Concentration of buyers and sellers There are a large numbers of playes in the software industry. While India and Indian software companies with demonstrated performance are the lead runners, players across the world and especially from other developing countries like Brazil etc are in the run. Hence the customer has huge bargaining power. 2 Profitability of buyer OF late due to the cut in IT spending, while IT spend of the custome rs may have reduced, the number of players are vying for the same budget. Hence cost advantages become very major and customer drives the billing rates. This is because most of the projects are in maintenance or integration and quality differentiation may not be there among number of players. 3 Switching Costs But for existing projects where switching costs are high , new higher billing rates have been worked on on contract renewal even in the recession period. Also with a tighter monitoring of IT spend of customers and in an effort to distribute the risks customers also rarely give an entire project to one customer often distributing the project to all key players hence igniting rivalry and competition. Forward Integration Many captive companies have leveraged the same advantage as companies like Wipro of resource availability at low costs and have opened their captive centres in India, which acts as an IT wing of their company and develops software for them. Examples are many like Shell , JP Morgan, man international banks, Bosch, Boeing etc. Bargaining power of supplier 1 Concentration of suppliers and demand Since there are a lar ge number of technical institutions campus recruitments bring in thousands of entry level people at low salaries. But at the same time attrition is very high in the software field since with experience resources may move to greener pastures. 2 Profitability of suppliers There is a huge demand for experienced professionals in key skill areas. Companies need to continually invest in resource development and training in upcoming technologies and keep them from leaving the company by attractive remunerations, trips abroad etc. Since many of the suppliers who support the IT service industry -are local and IT industry earning capitalize on the rupee dollar difference . The suppliers are happy to be in engagement with the IT company and are happy with what they are offered though it is a miniscule of what the IT company earns. Example are cab companies. Rivalry or Competition 1 Structure of competition The key players in the IT industry are in intense competition with each other. All the major players like TCS, Infosys etc have the same kind of delivery models, verticals focus, billing rates and also almost the same customer base, geographical presence etc. So most of the competition is around excelling in domain knowledge, gaining thought leadership in technology areas and building customer relationships. But the large players are only a few in number who are clear market leaders. Still Startups concentrate on niche technologies and domains and beat inroads into the IT companies market share. Start-ups thrive on a hire and fire policy where the resources are taken on at the beginning of a project at high salaries and fired after it’s completion. Since there is no service differentiation the customer believes in divide and rule policy where the each key player is given a near equal piece of the pie, pitching one player against the other and igniting intense rivalry. The key to getting good projects is good experienced resources, number of people with a specific skill etc. Hence resource poaching is a common phenomenon. 2 Cost structure of the Industry Companies like Wipro have high overheads owing to it’s size and complex organisation structure. New companies with none of the legacy of Wipro, can come in with niche focus and take a portion of maket share related to RD, innovation where creativity, technicall prowess is more key than standard processes, certifications etc. So time and again projects are lost to smaller companies who are more nimble and lean and once that happens it can plot the growth story of a new rival in that specific domain for Wipro. Wipro thrives majorly on large offshore multi-year dollar contracts in application maintenance, infrastructure management where skills are not high end. The requirement is to maintain large bench strength to quickly source these projects. This adds to the cost of most key players in the Indian IT scene. 3 Strategic Objectives For the past 5 years Wipro and other key players have had relatively lesser focus on moving up the value chain. All key players are still milking the standard IT services industry demand for maintenance, testing, infra management contracts with global companies in an primarly offshore model. Growth strategies are mainly to expand to newer geographies access the same standard IT services demand. Growth of all key players have been demand driven and more or less uniform. There have been few acquisitions but no aggressive growth stories amongst competing players. It can be concluded that Wipro is a key player in the IT industry and carries on with it’s brand name, sheer size and momentum as also it’s leadership and service quality. But to up the ante key differentiations have to be brought in which needs to be paradigm shift in the way business is done. Whether the innovation is thru new technologies like cloud computing or whether it is through the review of business models to emerge as a product and/or consulting company where it engages with the customer strategically – change is to be brought in. Else the MNCS like Cognizant, near shore companies like Ness etc may soon catch up or take a part of the pie. Porters 5 Forces free essay sample Technologies is a global information technology (IT) services company. It provides custom application design and development, IT consulting, systems integration, technology infrastructure out sourcing, software products and BPO services. Michael Porters Five Forces Model looks at five key areas- the threat of entry, the power of buyers, the power of suppliers, the threat of substitutes, and competitive rivalry. Threat of new entrants: New entrant in the market may have an effect on share of older counterparts Threat of substitute: Due to technological advances, Quality constraints or cost effectiveness there can be a threat of the substitute on the industry. Bargaining Power of customer: This is the bargaining power of the customer -one who is consumer of the goods. Bargaining Power of suppliers: This is the bargaining power of the supplier -one who supplies sources that are needed for finished goods. Comparative Rivalry within Industry: It tells about extent of competition in between firms in an industry. We will write a custom essay sample on Porters 5 Forces or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Porters Five Forces helps to analyse how these forces act together to cause the company to increase or decrease profitability of the company. The strategy of the company should be to influence these forces to maximise profitability. Hence below is a study of the IT industry and study of profitability in custom application design development, systems integration, technology infrastructure management segments of IT. Threats and barriers to entry Economies of scale and Capital Investment Requirements: IT requires very low investment and hence we have hundreds of startups starting every year. While it is easy to invest and start a software company sustaining growth does not come easy. All these start-ups also play in an area where Wipro does not compete like low value projects or in subcontracted work. Hence they are not a threat to the profitability of Wipro. India is the favourite destination for off shoring Information Technology (IT) and IT enabled Services. Wipro works across verticals like telecom, BFSI, Media and Communication, Automobiles, Government, Technology, Manufacturing, Energy, Healthcare, Hospitality etc and has several ODC or offshore development centres for nearly all top companies in the world. These offshore development centres have thousands of resources working with multi year projects earning millions of dollars of revenue a year. The cost of shifting or switching even a part of these projects to other companies would involve huge set up, transitioning costs with no guaranteed results. Wipro has quality certifications like Cmmi Level 5, PCMM Level 5,BS9977 etc and new entrants will face a barrier in this regard. Global contracts will not be given to companies with the lack of certification. The lack of security certifications will cause customers to have security related concerns while sending data offshore. 3 Access to distribution channels and technology This poses no difficulty. Many top business unit heads have previously quit from Wipro and spawned off their own company which has grown and sometimes taken a part of the market share of Wipro. Since the industry thrives on knowledge workers when a senior person leave he takes access and knowledge of customer base and customer contacts with him. The Internet is present everywhere and software technology in the era of open source is easily accessible to all. 4 Government Subsidies and policies Current favourable policy by government for new ITES-BPO firms is creating competitive situation for Wipro and other established players in the India IT industry. The reforms have reduced licensing requirements and made foreign technology accessible. The reforms have also removed restrictions on investment and made the process of investment easier. This has tremendously helped the IT industries. The Indian government is actively promoting FDI and investments from NRIs (Non-Resident Indians). FDI can be brought in through the automatic route, based on powers accorded to the Reserve Bank of India. Improvement and reach of telecommunication can aid new entrants into the IT industry. Similary improvements in infrastructure and power sector can also aid new entrants into the IT industry. Recognizing the importance of Venture Capital Funding, the Ministry of Information Technology has set up a National Venture Fund for the Software and IT Industry with a corpus of Rs. 100 crore. The main aim of the venture capital Fund is to provide Venture Capital to start up software professionals and small IT units. Nasscom (most important promoter of the IT/BPO industry) has been playing a crucial role in helping the IT industry achieve the IT and ITES vision and make India far ahead of other players in the field of IT and BPO. But new entrants and start ups can never be in the league of Wipro which adds 20-30 new customers every quarter and earns revenue in the range 0f 50-60 billon USD every quarter. 5 Brand Loyalty Since Wipro is in multi year relationships with most of it’s customers and since the relationship is driven top down from CEO level and exists sometimes with entire IT organisation of the customer, there is a deep brand loyalty that cannot be forsaken. Wipro trades on NYSE and is a well respected global company. Threat of Substitute Price is most often the main differentiator among key players in the software industry quality of service being the same. Indian IT firms like Wipro face stiff competitions from their counterpart in other emerging market like Russia, Brazil, Mexico, Philippines and China. The IT providers in these markets charge competitive rates as compared to Wipro. But Wipro has development centres in China , Philippines so that they can leverage the same advantage. At the same time Wipro attracts a huge pool of resources from the many leading technical institutions across India . These resources are trained to work in many technologies and also are very flexible with respect to work timings. Additionally, the Wipro has been exceptionally quality focused being the first Indian Cmmi Level 5 company with high-skilled pool of knowledge workers with English speaking Hence it has an upper edge over other offshore locations like China, Philippines or Latin American countries 1 Quality/Value proposition While start-ups work like a flash in the pan and sometimes do attract a first time IT outsourcer it is MNCs like IBM and Cognizant which can be identified as substitutes for Wipro. Cognizant with it’s steady and continued growth rate has taken a part of the market share of companies like Wipro. An MNC with a formidable history and background can e work as substitute for Wipro in the software industry due to the differentiation that they bring in terms of delivery models, senior people/leadership in the organisation, RD focus, steady focus on not yet mature verticals (like healthcare in Cognizant’s case for example) and pumping back money into the business. These MNC bring a better value to the customer and engage the customer at a more strategic level . Buyer’s willingness and relative price/performance of substitute As per a report in Economic Times Emerging near shore rivals, including Ness Technologies of Israel, CPM Braxis of Brazil and Mexico-headquartered Softtek are increasingly becoming attractive for top outsourcing customers such as GE, Citibank and several others seeking to work with local, specialised vendors instead of sending all projects to offshore locations like India. Though Wipro is growing it’s presence in the emerging markets of Latin America, Eastern Europe and Asia, they face stiff competition from these newer rivals. For many customers who already have significant presence in offshore locations like India, it’s a risk diversification, Some customers having 70-80 per cent of their offshore resources in India are realising that they need to look at the third category of suppliers that are local and niche. Over the past two years, companies such as CPM Braxis, EPAM Systems, Ness Technologies, Softtek, Merchants and Spi Global have emerged as stronger rivals for Indian tech firms, especially while bidding for an outsourcing contract being fleshed out by a ‘first-time outsourcer’. Brazilian firm CPM Braxis, for instance, which counts GE, ABN Amro and Whirlpool as clients, reported revenues of around $567 million in 2008. One of the top four Brazilian banks, Bradesco, is also among the biggest customers for the company. While these emerging outsourcing rivals are not yet in the big league of mega, multi-year contracts, they are still able to gain business because of their niche and local market expertise. On an average, these companies are able to win contracts worth $2-5 million in annual contract value. Bargaining power of customer Concentration of buyers and sellers There are a large numbers of playes in the software industry. While India and Indian software companies with demonstrated performance are the lead runners, players across the world and especially from other developing countries like Brazil etc are in the run. Hence the customer has huge bargaining power. 2 Profitability of buyer OF late due to the cut in IT spending, while IT spend of the custome rs may have reduced, the number of players are vying for the same budget. Hence cost advantages become very major and customer drives the billing rates. This is because most of the projects are in maintenance or integration and quality differentiation may not be there among number of players. 3 Switching Costs But for existing projects where switching costs are high , new higher billing rates have been worked on on contract renewal even in the recession period. Also with a tighter monitoring of IT spend of customers and in an effort to distribute the risks customers also rarely give an entire project to one customer often distributing the project to all key players hence igniting rivalry and competition. Forward Integration Many captive companies have leveraged the same advantage as companies like Wipro of resource availability at low costs and have opened their captive centres in India, which acts as an IT wing of their company and develops software for them. Examples are many like Shell , JP Morgan, man international banks, Bosch, Boeing etc. Bargaining power of supplier 1 Concentration of suppliers and demand Since there are a lar ge number of technical institutions campus recruitments bring in thousands of entry level people at low salaries. But at the same time attrition is very high in the software field since with experience resources may move to greener pastures. 2 Profitability of suppliers There is a huge demand for experienced professionals in key skill areas. Companies need to continually invest in resource development and training in upcoming technologies and keep them from leaving the company by attractive remunerations, trips abroad etc. Since many of the suppliers who support the IT service industry -are local and IT industry earning capitalize on the rupee dollar difference . The suppliers are happy to be in engagement with the IT company and are happy with what they are offered though it is a miniscule of what the IT company earns. Example are cab companies. Rivalry or Competition 1 Structure of competition The key players in the IT industry are in intense competition with each other. All the major players like TCS, Infosys etc have the same kind of delivery models, verticals focus, billing rates and also almost the same customer base, geographical presence etc. So most of the competition is around excelling in domain knowledge, gaining thought leadership in technology areas and building customer relationships. But the large players are only a few in number who are clear market leaders. Still Startups concentrate on niche technologies and domains and beat inroads into the IT companies market share. Start-ups thrive on a hire and fire policy where the resources are taken on at the beginning of a project at high salaries and fired after it’s completion. Since there is no service differentiation the customer believes in divide and rule policy where the each key player is given a near equal piece of the pie, pitching one player against the other and igniting intense rivalry. The key to getting good projects is good experienced resources, number of people with a specific skill etc. Hence resource poaching is a common phenomenon. 2 Cost structure of the Industry Companies like Wipro have high overheads owing to it’s size and complex organisation structure. New companies with none of the legacy of Wipro, can come in with niche focus and take a portion of maket share related to RD, innovation where creativity, technicall prowess is more key than standard processes, certifications etc. So time and again projects are lost to smaller companies who are more nimble and lean and once that happens it can plot the growth story of a new rival in that specific domain for Wipro. Wipro thrives majorly on large offshore multi-year dollar contracts in application maintenance, infrastructure management where skills are not high end. The requirement is to maintain large bench strength to quickly source these projects. This adds to the cost of most key players in the Indian IT scene. 3 Strategic Objectives For the past 5 years Wipro and other key players have had relatively lesser focus on moving up the value chain. All key players are still milking the standard IT services industry demand for maintenance, testing, infra management contracts with global companies in an primarly offshore model. Growth strategies are mainly to expand to newer geographies access the same standard IT services demand. Growth of all key players have been demand driven and more or less uniform. There have been few acquisitions but no aggressive growth stories amongst competing players. It can be concluded that Wipro is a key player in the IT industry and carries on with it’s brand name, sheer size and momentum as also it’s leadership and service quality. But to up the ante key differentiations have to be brought in which needs to be paradigm shift in the way business is done. Whether the innovation is thru new technologies like cloud computing or whether it is through the review of business models to emerge as a product and/or consulting company where it engages with the customer strategically – change is to be brought in. Else the MNCS like Cognizant, near shore companies like Ness etc may soon catch up or take a part of the pie.

Free Essays on Rwanda

â€Å"The triumph of evil occurs when good men do nothing.† This quote was said by the modern day political philosopher, Edmund Burke. This quote means that it is when good people don’t take action that bad things are allowed to happen. This relates to the recent genocide in Rwanda, when the Hutus massacred the Tutsis over a period of 100 days in the summer of 1994. Three major ways in which good men did nothing is the UN’s avoided action, the soldiers who abandoned the Tutsis, and the United States’ refusal to use the word â€Å"genocide,† and took no action to prevent it. The UN did a large deal of procrastinating during the ordeal in Rwanda. At first, they wouldn’t even address that there was a problem, since no one stepped forward to say that there was one. They simply ignored it when the Rwanda ambassador told them that it was just a â€Å"civil war.† When the UN finally did admit to the fact that there was a problem, they made several promises of action. These promises were hollow. Few actions were actually made to defuse the problem. Now the UN had already broken its most sincere promise in only 50 years, to never allow the extermination of a single group of people. A promise made immediately following the end of the holocaust. All the UN really did was to send troops over there but that did little, the number of troop at one point was only a couple hundred, not nearly enough to stop the Hutu army. They also asked the US military to send in several APC, (Armored Personnel Carriers) only a few of which were sent into Rwanda . The rest, when they were finally finished after a long process, were sent to Uganda, the neighboring country. The soldiers sent in by the UN also displayed non-action during the genocide. At first, they managed to hold off the Hutus, even though they were outnumbered. It seemed as though the fact that the soldiers were there managed to drive them off. If they had kept the troops t... Free Essays on Rwanda Free Essays on Rwanda â€Å"The triumph of evil occurs when good men do nothing.† This quote was said by the modern day political philosopher, Edmund Burke. This quote means that it is when good people don’t take action that bad things are allowed to happen. This relates to the recent genocide in Rwanda, when the Hutus massacred the Tutsis over a period of 100 days in the summer of 1994. Three major ways in which good men did nothing is the UN’s avoided action, the soldiers who abandoned the Tutsis, and the United States’ refusal to use the word â€Å"genocide,† and took no action to prevent it. The UN did a large deal of procrastinating during the ordeal in Rwanda. At first, they wouldn’t even address that there was a problem, since no one stepped forward to say that there was one. They simply ignored it when the Rwanda ambassador told them that it was just a â€Å"civil war.† When the UN finally did admit to the fact that there was a problem, they made several promises of action. These promises were hollow. Few actions were actually made to defuse the problem. Now the UN had already broken its most sincere promise in only 50 years, to never allow the extermination of a single group of people. A promise made immediately following the end of the holocaust. All the UN really did was to send troops over there but that did little, the number of troop at one point was only a couple hundred, not nearly enough to stop the Hutu army. They also asked the US military to send in several APC, (Armored Personnel Carriers) only a few of which were sent into Rwanda . The rest, when they were finally finished after a long process, were sent to Uganda, the neighboring country. The soldiers sent in by the UN also displayed non-action during the genocide. At first, they managed to hold off the Hutus, even though they were outnumbered. It seemed as though the fact that the soldiers were there managed to drive them off. If they had kept the troops t...

Material Flow Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

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Business Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business Project Management - Essay Example However, with increased competition, widespread use of project management theories and processes in day to day functioning of businesses and blurring departmental and functional boundaries, projects are now considered no less than strategic processes underpinning theories and concepts of leadership, strategy, culture, communication, integration and appropriate know-how of relevant systems. This report aims at delving deep into this transformed outlook towards project management approach and how these management functions are shaping the traditional structure of project management into an amalgamation of project, change and process management. With the inclusion of relationship management, risk management, people satisfaction and motivation, empowerment and creativity; project management in itself is turning into a specialised body of knowledge comprising of the vital elements of management, strategy, human resources and operations. To demonstrate this tectonic shift, examples of vari ous projects ranging from big construction to IT ones have been taken so that theories and concepts can be understood in real life terms. ... Projects are time-bound, focus on a single time process and are usually complex in nature because of mingling of several distinct and unrelated functions. Limitation of time, cost and resources add to the characteristics of projects. On the contrary, processes are repeatable and do not suffer from limitations which are present in project management. Homogeneity is also more dominant in process management than do in project management. Traditional approach to project management Traditionally, projects used to be differentiated from that of processes because of superficial differences identified between the two. Their scope, extent of penetration in organization’s philosophy and strategy, resource allocation, level of inter-dependence of different functions and activities within the management of two and results achieved thereof lead to the misconception that projects cannot assume the status of processes and vice-versa. Typical project management cycle includes stereotypic phas es defined as requirements analysis, resource management, project methodology, risk management and project closure. These phases are technical in nature with clear specifications of roles, duty, inputs and respective outputs. They do not recognize the evolving nature of business place and components of business management like planning, controlling, decision making and more contemporary functions of management namely leadership, strategy, cultural ramifications, knowledge of systems and overall congruence with the components of process management. This makes the traditional approach to project management short of fulfilling the current needs of business and unique propositions. Evolved components of project management Prosci (2011) specifically highlights the tripartite nature of project